jury process
jury process 陪审员召集令 由法院发出的要求陪审员出庭的命令。
Search Results for: JURY PROCESS
jury process
jury process. 1. The procedure by which jurors are summoned and their attendance is enforced. [Cases: Jury 67. C.J.S. Juries § 319.] 2. The papers served on or mailed to potential jurors to compel their attendance.
birth injury
birth injury. Harm that occurs to a fetus during the birth process, esp. during labor and delivery. Cf. PRENATAL INJURY.
continuing injury
An injury that is still in the process of being committed. • An example is the constant smoke or noise of a factory. — Also termed continuing harm. [Cases: Damages 110. C.J.S. Damages §§ 135–136.]
submission to the jury
submission to the jury. The process by which a judge gives a case to the jury for its consideration and verdict, usu. after all evidence has been presented, arguments have been completed, and jury instructions have been given.
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sequestration
sequestration (see-kwes-tray-sh[schwa]n), n. 1. The process by which property is removed from the possessor pending the outcome of a dispute in which two or more parties contend for it. Cf. ATTACHMENT(1); GARNISHMENT. [Cases: Sequestration 1. C.J.S. Sequestration §§ 2–3, 5.] conventional sequestration. The parties’ voluntary deposit of the property at issue in a lawsuit. judicial
incorporation doctrine
incorporation doctrine 〈美〉合并原则 通过美国宪法第十四条修正案，将最初仅对联邦政府权力有约束力的《权利法案》〔Bill of Rights〕的多数规定，同样扩展适用于州政府的宪法原则。直到19世纪初期，美国法院一直将《权利法案》适用于联邦政府。但此种观点在19世纪中期受到质疑。而在合并进程中起关键作用的则是1868年获批准的美国宪法第十四条修正案，该修正案规定非经正当法律程序〔due process of law〕任何州不得剥夺公民的生命、自由或财产。自1897年起，美国最高法院通过各类判决意见，已将除下列规定外《权利法案》所有权利并入州：１第二条修正案的携带武器的权利〔right to bear arms〕；２第三条修正案的禁止驻扎士兵〔prohibition of quartering soldiers〕；３第五条修正案的由大陪审团起诉的权利〔right to grand-jury indictment〕；４第七条修正案的民事案件受陪审团审判的权利〔right to a jury trial〕;５第八条修正案的禁止科处过高保释金和罚金〔prohibition of excessive bail and fines〕。
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pennsylvania rule
Pennsylvania rule. Torts. The principle that a tortfeasor who violates a statute in the process of causing an injury has the burden of showing that the violation did not cause the injury. The Pennsylvania, 86 U.S. (19 Wall.) 125, 136 (1874). [Cases: Collision 123; Shipping 86(2.3). C.J.S. Collision §§ 211–220.]
bill of middlesex
bill of Middlesex. Hist. A process by which the Court of the King’s Bench in Middlesex obtains jurisdiction over a defendant who resides in a county outside the Court’s jurisdiction, by alleging a fictitious trespass in a county over which the court has jurisdiction. • Once the sheriff returns the bill noting that the defendant
conviction
conviction (k[schwa]n-vik-sh[schwa]n), n. 1. The act or process of judicially finding someone guilty of a crime; the state of having been proved guilty. [Cases: Criminal Law 977(5).] 2. The judgment (as by a jury verdict) that a person is guilty of a crime. 3. A strong belief or opinion. abiding conviction. A settled conviction; a